HIGH Security team
man has been and will always be
simultaneously fascinated and terrified aviano
change is the necessary ingredient for all advancement
and yet it is something that very few can accept
without a fight in the quest to understand outer space
the Greek mathematician pythagoras was the first to propose
that the world was a sphere rotating on its own access
an idea that seemed absurd to a sixth century BC Society
that believes in a flat stationary world
they out casper factories and insisted that an invisible man in a chariot with
flying horses dragged to the Sun
across the sky each day I'm
supported by the newly formed Roman Catholic Church
this birth centered universe model remain generally accepted for fifteen
centuries
in that time many scientists theorize that the model was incorrect
but few dared to share their findings and those who did
where outcast the last of these rebels was Galileo
the first astronomer to use a telescope
and the last to be persecuted by the church for suggesting that the earth
traveled
around the Sun he was summoned to answer on charges of heresy
at his trial before the church Galloway I was forced to curse
a viewer and test his theory that the earth moved
around the Sun have you not done this he would have been burned alive
at the stake although galloway I'll complied
he was ordered to spend the rest of his life under house arrest
and was allowed no visitors or outside contact
immediately after being sentenced a stunned Callao
calmly declared and yet the earth moves do she
8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, now !
I'll
%uh the
today
you know all of our infrastructure is run by computers
computers are playing a central role
electricity oil distribution
water water treatment
finances everything
go brought back a few years times you have pure text
things like %uh air traffic
shut it down ATM
systems shutting down 911 emergency systems
so I was happening so much now now yeah
you know that could happen
when we first started working with computer security
I think with a lot security practitioners I have just spent
these guys CIA & NSA in the FBI
you know they were like like the computer systems and mission impossible
you know where they have these incredibly secure systems and they
actually mean with the
dealing and within a couple years I realized I was teaching them
Imagine a bar graph and government computer security is
is here corporate computer security is
here and my home network is up about there
cyber terror is a kind of warfare on the virtual frontier
and sometimes though it can be but outside of the virtual round
the physical world such as one for example automated controls on power systems
are attacked and then they cause power outages was a cause dams to burst
or pipelines to cease their flows and
this is the realm of the cyber terrorist
yeah I think as computers continue to underpin our society
become really part of what we are now saying i think is really a digital
nervous system
that underpins our entire economy we ought to be cognizant of the threat of
computer crime computer criminals
you know hacker is unnecessarily in a popular
you know vernacular a bad thing hackers somebody
who explores in a quest for knowledge bowl was looking assistant see how it works
life around me really changed me for way my analytical skills
skyrocket was a star programming is more
actually burden and lesbians crazy
and this Washington Street a
work I wonder how these buses were has doors opening an assignment or having a
stink about
I think about your work into it all hacking is expanding the boundaries
is exploring and said exploring the global exploring space exploring the
inner spaces
I've telecommunications networks are the personal computer
and trying to find out what more you can do
to crack for someone who takes those skills
and use them for for ill use them for for bad things
most hackers are above mine in 10 they're just curious
and in those hackers who are destructive for criminal they should be punished
the FBI does track the average you know
white hat hacker we don't have the resources or any interest in doing
we're specifically listed in individuals they're breaking federal law
hacking to me is expressing human drive to know more to go for the day
to experiment that to me is is fundamental
I think the Wild West is the best valid
you're here in an area where laws
never really considered any this and where
new things are happening exciting things are happening we don't know what's right
or wrong exactly, it's a little fuzzy
to a white hat hacker is someone who might
sakes for their own company network
to determine how much more about how to protect against up
black at hackers and crackers are those that use that knowledge use their ability
to make commit crimes in those people the way it should
between the white hat good guys and the black hat bad guys
is a very interesting character known as the grey had unethical vigilante of the
cyber West
although he's not paid for his services like some white hats
the curious grey hat takes it upon himself to hack into computers and
find security holes he then informs the owners have these vulnerable computers
about the problems to help them prevent any villain is black hats
from later exploiting the holes for unethical for criminal purposes
there individualists have the first degree that's what they are
there the Cowboys there they're out there on the edge of the wild west of
the outlaw world
going out any and trying new stuff
and and seeing where the borders are seeing where the edges like seeing where
you know there be monsters what it what ministers are out there
that's he does and you know you got your white herbs are going out there and try
to ship these guys
is very hard to make this Asian legal or illegal when you're talking hacking
because intent is very much part
or justice system it's very hard know what some reason 10
I understand the government's point to feel I understand that they feel they
need to send a message that
crime can't be tolerated no matter how well-intentioned is and
each I think that in some ways. they're unable to look beyond that message
I don't think that necessarily see the social impact of what they do
and I think that you can't use all models
and rules and apply them to this these new situations they don't buy
him
am
as convoluted as its modern-day usage
the dictionary definition of the word hack is either the active coming through
something with quick
unskilled blows for the ability to find a way to manage
a given challenge such as can you hack it or not
how this word transformed into what we know today as the hacker
was not through the computer but through the model train
in 1946 the tech Model Railroad Club was formed at MIT
comprised of engineering students and model train enthusiasts of all ages
the purpose of the club was to challenge and modify the functional design of
model trains
in order to hack a better train they define a hacker
as one who applies ingenuity to create a clever result
called i hack still in existence today
the tech model railroad club: remains proud that it originated the word hacker
and disapproves using the term to represent illegal acts of computer crimes
in as the term hacker moved from the world of model trains to modern computers
one of its key evolutionary phases was the telephone
1969 nobody had a computer faking list
was at that time hacking the phones there are no computers fact it was only
the phone system
always been working with electronics spinning around with things
trying different things finding out why things did work on why we work so well
others don't work so well did mostly through experimentation despite round
there
I have not actually been discovered of the Captain Crunch
vessel to Captain Crunch so solicitous covered by the blanket
and that it is just by chance
they happen to play around with the whistle an experiment around what
pressing different roles get different pitch like to try this one
it's not 2600 with perfect pitch
that story's center
but (2600 ton) twice serotonin is
used to activate encamped along this is struck
I read and a newspaper article there that
it was now possible for certain cities dial overseas
directly without going to an operator I said gee house after possible
so too little socially engineering. social engineering is intact were basically
what you doing
is your following someone into giving access
to someplace the don't having business be am
this is a technique that a lot of people is not just hack
for example sales guys will use social engineering
for selling is working with people if helping them make the gym
good decision helping them by
so too little social engineering I was having an opportunity to tell me oh you
doubt people's twenty to start
networking oversee senator from there you just to keep both
0 for 4 and the country code in the city code numbers start
you can connect oh wow so I took down mapped out the entire
entire country go to the world not only can I call country
like to experiment around these codes you can find a way words could go to
in scope but have codes that were not published because would
we're getting the satellite systems and phone system so
ship sure phone systems they have their own country Co throws just understanding
other phone system work
hackers have thus been involved with each new technological development
leading to the computer for centuries enjoying the intellectual challenges
have creatively overcoming the limitations of each age
contrary to popular belief when hackers finally did meet modern day computers
they did not intrude upon them they invented them
to those of us who are real hardcore in the computer industry
were hacking was a white to people who hacked away
all night long people usually that didn't have
all computers up there on the didn't have any money but they were University
and they found out that if they stayed up all night long there were some
your son's and they call that hacking because the hacked away
took a program have to get up and try to make it a little better little better
way back in the high slot open government have a computer sunday and he
said it cost as much as a house
I said we'll all live in an apartment I was going to have a computer and even if
it cost me a house
I got a phone call from a friend
well as a group getting together in their interest in things like terminals
I can just design
video terminal work with my phone color TV and spiky type in
and talked with think all the ARPANET the ARPANET was started by the military in
put the whole bunch campuses across the United States together in
put the whole bunch campuses across the United States together
so I could actually like Chuck chess on it computer MIT
bent over to computer Stanford some files and over to Berkeley
to other parts of the world long before the internet have to have that's why
don't my hunter milf and
when Alan Tam said their a computer but starting for people with terminal somethings
I thought copy the short migrate the low chip design and went to the club
so excited about it summer these people were all talking about microprocessors
had some we made it possible to have a computer at a low cost
it came out of a group of people that were kind of liberal thinking about
computers for the people
the whole mentality him for Computer Club was extremely open information
should be
published handed out because basically we work creating stuff that was gonna
move the world for work and we should do are our best to be good contributors to
society in that way
and that's really where that word hacker originated
for a long time technology computer technology digital technology
was the relative hacker alone
people are really into it that was theirs big business
laughed at IBM said that they'll never be a market for more than 20 computers
in the world
a market for that so personal computing was really
created by hackers for hackers and that's what you know we play with this
stuff then business
industry government star as a whole ours money to be made here and they started
taking over
first by commercializing over the last decade
commercialization of the Internet has exploded into a multi-billion dollar industry
prompting governments to argue that they must control the Internet to ensure the
economy safety
in an international organization named I can
was thus created by the United States government in 1998
based in Marina del Rey California I can controls the 13 computers
which manage the domain names over the world
whoever controls these 13 computers controls the World Wide Web
the rest of the world opposed to this United States dominated control if I can
and so it was agreed that the UN would create an international body in 2006
to run I can
and ensuring equal internet availability to all countries
when the time came to relinquish its power however
the United States Department of Commerce instead declared that the United States
would keep control if I can indefinitely
the United States has since made controversial you serve this
self-declared monopoly on the Internet
such as taking over the country codes for iraq and Kazakhstan
without requiring consent for my the country
the and by asking popular search engines
to hand over private user information and Internet activity patterns
in the Internet is quickly becoming less of a public information sharing network
and more corporate tool for profit and a government tool for control
the hacking skills are gonna become
critical to Liberty in this country
because as as government and industry starts to realize they can use
technology
to shut people down to reduce our liberties the only freedom fighters out
there will be hackers
the next war is not before with bullets and guns and bombs gonna be fought with
co
before the technology with computers
that's how the words before and if you want to preserve liberties in this country
I don't think it has anything to do with the second member the right to bear
arms the right to bear computers
and (over time)Beaufort line the term hacking store nowadays has a meaning of
I'm hacking my way in a chopping my way into somebody else's computer
and the newspapers and the media have tried to make action to be a word that
means ok
got it something bad it's a threat was invisible threads you don't know about
there's a lot of like spilt in like come to church here's the Dartmouth and that
we have in
our society today even government p hackers are bad just one of those
church grounds you don't like actors say
socrates was a humble Greek philosopher
who debated with patrons in the streets winning every argument yet crediting his
opponents for any insects
that may have arisen he chose not to teach for money
as did the many professional so first serve the time
and yet he was considered by the masses to be the most wise
above all men the Athenian powers however
paranoid over Athens inevitable defeat by the attacking Spartans
concluded that intellectuals like Socrates weakening Athenian society
by undermining its traditional views and values
socrates was arrested on charges
refusing to recognize the official gods have the state
introducing new gods and corrupting
the yen at his trial Socrates insisted that he did not know enough to teach
anybody anything claiming
I am very conscious but I am NOT wise at all
he was sentenced to death
by drinking a cup of poisonous curb called hemlock
which produces a slow death I gradually paralyzing
the central nervous system Socrates would be
his on executioner the philosopher was taken to the nearby jail
where his sentence would be carried out in the comfort of his friends
disciples when he drank the cup hemlock
his friends could not help he consoled
to fear death my friends
is only to think ourselves wise without being wise
for it is to think that we know what we do not know
society is always going to have trouble with people who want to push them
societies are designed around
conformity what hacking is is saying I'm gonna do a different
see what else I can do wanna see where else to go society is never gonna like
that
society will always make laws against and thats
appropriate for society do what I would say it's very important for society
have people were willing to push the envelope
otherwise aside world so hackers are very very important part
techno with how it you have no motivation no growth spec
and yet they pose a threat because
they are breaking the rules they are going to for
that's their job you gotta have a im all for my lifetime was for
we have stopped out so many things that are seeds
creativity in this country a water water teachers will just tell you
don't really have school systems that encourage the children to think of a
problem in what the solution P
no just like 10 fights with you were talkin this chapter use that so we don't
teach thinking as much as we teach
you know rigorous wrote in intelligence is not to fight somebody having a brain
the cam think unseen consider all possibilities and come up with the
the best solution over now intelligences saying the exact same things as everyone
else
you read the same newspaper articles watched see new shows be the same box
and now you can say exactly the same things about how the world works
see although your group it's almost like a privilege we're all the same
where intelligent because I C and you see your Delta so I'm intelligent
and we never really have a real good way of measuring for you
think him putting together and coming up with your own
solutions not we have defined as intelligent we often find is down
and and
in what we see is a growing emerging threat is the professional cybercrime
from the former Soviet Union from places like that where you have an educated
populace
my per starving for many there and so it's not uncommon to find
what are called large programming houses these houses were all these with huge
networks is set up
usually out in the countryside totally non-descript
mostly funded by the Russian mafia types organized crime is very much about
there's a vast conspiracy among financial
when india detonated its nuclear blast,
and pakistan followed suit a few day later in maw 1998
then what happened was that
a few days after the Indian blast,
the bhabha atomic research center,
which is india's major nuclear installation,
its website was hacked by an anti-nuclear group
a peace group, called mil0rm.
the first pakistan group was called pakistan hackers club
the second group, which is probably the best
is one called GForce Pakistan
they broke into some of the networks of the army
they gave a warning to India's army Nuclear research center at kalpakkam
where GForce pakistan had told them on mondey
we'll crack into you on thursday after noon
and despite having given a full three days notice
[they] managedto crack them precisely on Thursday afternoon
now the thing about China is that it is not done
so much by student and teenagers
In china it is the PLA, the peaple's liberation Army, which is
actually preparing for a very advanced program in information Warfare
here it is a very organized initiative at the state level,at the army level
well they had conducted some type of war exercises of the army
which was directed against,
it was directed against the U.S.
but also directed against tawain, japan, South korea
and there were simulations on how to bring the electronic infrastructure
their trading systems
their stock exchanges, their electricity grids to a halt
china's chief of staff and several generals
were involved in this planning exercise
about five hundred soldiers were involved in this
they did a lot of analysis on how they could
carry out what are called blitzkrieg attacks
because sudden attacks paralyze the information network
the primary aim was the US Aircraft Carriers
and some of the missile systems and then the aircrafts
You know they are trying to incorporate imperial warfare
sun tsu had written rules of warfare hundreds and thousands of years ago
you try to get somebody else to carry out your assassination
the idia is to make you believe that it came from within
that they'll use cracker groups in various other countries
such as children to act as a front for the PLA
People who are attacked will think that it has come out of the universities
whereas it really has come out of China's People's liberation army